/**
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* CRON 表达式工具类
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* 提供 CRON 表达式的解析、格式化、验证等功能
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*/
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/** CRON 字段类型枚举 */
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export enum CronFieldType {
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SECOND = 'second',
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MINUTE = 'minute',
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HOUR = 'hour',
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DAY = 'day',
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MONTH = 'month',
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WEEK = 'week',
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YEAR = 'year'
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}
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/** CRON 字段配置 */
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export interface CronFieldConfig {
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key: CronFieldType
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label: string
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min: number
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max: number
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names?: Record<string, number> // 名称映射,如月份名称
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}
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/** CRON 字段配置常量 */
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export const CRON_FIELD_CONFIGS: Record<CronFieldType, CronFieldConfig> = {
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[CronFieldType.SECOND]: { key: CronFieldType.SECOND, label: '秒', min: 0, max: 59 },
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[CronFieldType.MINUTE]: { key: CronFieldType.MINUTE, label: '分', min: 0, max: 59 },
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[CronFieldType.HOUR]: { key: CronFieldType.HOUR, label: '时', min: 0, max: 23 },
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[CronFieldType.DAY]: { key: CronFieldType.DAY, label: '日', min: 1, max: 31 },
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[CronFieldType.MONTH]: {
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key: CronFieldType.MONTH,
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label: '月',
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min: 1,
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max: 12,
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names: {
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JAN: 1,
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FEB: 2,
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MAR: 3,
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APR: 4,
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MAY: 5,
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JUN: 6,
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JUL: 7,
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AUG: 8,
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SEP: 9,
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OCT: 10,
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NOV: 11,
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DEC: 12
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}
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},
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[CronFieldType.WEEK]: {
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key: CronFieldType.WEEK,
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label: '周',
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min: 0,
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max: 7,
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names: {
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SUN: 0,
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MON: 1,
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TUE: 2,
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WED: 3,
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THU: 4,
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FRI: 5,
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SAT: 6
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}
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},
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[CronFieldType.YEAR]: { key: CronFieldType.YEAR, label: '年', min: 1970, max: 2099 }
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}
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/** 解析后的 CRON 字段 */
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export interface ParsedCronField {
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type: 'any' | 'specific' | 'range' | 'step' | 'list' | 'last' | 'weekday' | 'nth'
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values: number[]
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original: string
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description: string
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}
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/** 解析后的 CRON 表达式 */
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export interface ParsedCronExpression {
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second: ParsedCronField
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minute: ParsedCronField
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hour: ParsedCronField
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day: ParsedCronField
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month: ParsedCronField
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week: ParsedCronField
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year?: ParsedCronField
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isValid: boolean
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description: string
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nextExecutionTime?: Date
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}
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/** 常用 CRON 表达式预设 */
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export const CRON_PRESETS = {
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EVERY_SECOND: '* * * * * ?',
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EVERY_MINUTE: '0 * * * * ?',
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EVERY_HOUR: '0 0 * * * ?',
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EVERY_DAY: '0 0 0 * * ?',
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EVERY_WEEK: '0 0 0 ? * 1',
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EVERY_MONTH: '0 0 0 1 * ?',
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EVERY_YEAR: '0 0 0 1 1 ?',
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WORKDAY_9AM: '0 0 9 ? * 2-6', // 工作日上午9点
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WORKDAY_6PM: '0 0 18 ? * 2-6', // 工作日下午6点
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WEEKEND_10AM: '0 0 10 ? * 1,7' // 周末上午10点
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} as const
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/** CRON 表达式工具类 */
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export class CronUtils {
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/** 验证 CRON 表达式格式 */
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static validate(cronExpression: string): boolean {
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if (!cronExpression || typeof cronExpression !== 'string') {
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return false
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}
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const parts = cronExpression.trim().split(/\s+/)
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// 支持 5-7 个字段的 CRON 表达式
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if (parts.length < 5 || parts.length > 7) {
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return false
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}
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// 基本格式验证
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const cronRegex = /^[0-9*\/\-,?LW#]+$/
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return parts.every((part) => cronRegex.test(part))
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}
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/** 解析单个 CRON 字段 */
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static parseField(
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fieldValue: string,
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fieldType: CronFieldType,
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config: CronFieldConfig
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): ParsedCronField {
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const field: ParsedCronField = {
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type: 'any',
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values: [],
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original: fieldValue,
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description: ''
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}
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// 处理特殊字符
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if (fieldValue === '*' || fieldValue === '?') {
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field.type = 'any'
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field.description = `每${config.label}`
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return field
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}
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// 处理最后一天 (L)
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if (fieldValue === 'L' && fieldType === CronFieldType.DAY) {
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field.type = 'last'
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field.description = '每月最后一天'
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return field
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}
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// 处理范围 (-)
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if (fieldValue.includes('-')) {
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const [start, end] = fieldValue.split('-').map(Number)
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if (!isNaN(start) && !isNaN(end) && start >= config.min && end <= config.max) {
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field.type = 'range'
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field.values = Array.from({ length: end - start + 1 }, (_, i) => start + i)
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field.description = `${config.label} ${start}-${end}`
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}
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return field
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}
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// 处理步长 (/)
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if (fieldValue.includes('/')) {
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const [base, step] = fieldValue.split('/')
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const stepNum = Number(step)
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if (!isNaN(stepNum) && stepNum > 0) {
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field.type = 'step'
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if (base === '*') {
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field.description = `每${stepNum}${config.label}`
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} else {
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const startNum = Number(base)
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field.description = `从${startNum}开始每${stepNum}${config.label}`
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}
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}
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return field
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}
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// 处理列表 (,)
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if (fieldValue.includes(',')) {
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const values = fieldValue
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.split(',')
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.map(Number)
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.filter((n) => !isNaN(n))
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if (values.length > 0) {
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field.type = 'list'
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field.values = values
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field.description = `${config.label} ${values.join(',')}`
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}
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return field
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}
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// 处理具体数值
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const numValue = Number(fieldValue)
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if (!isNaN(numValue) && numValue >= config.min && numValue <= config.max) {
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field.type = 'specific'
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field.values = [numValue]
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field.description = `${config.label} ${numValue}`
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}
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return field
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}
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/** 解析完整的 CRON 表达式 */
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static parse(cronExpression: string): ParsedCronExpression {
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const result: ParsedCronExpression = {
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second: { type: 'any', values: [], original: '*', description: '每秒' },
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minute: { type: 'any', values: [], original: '*', description: '每分' },
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hour: { type: 'any', values: [], original: '*', description: '每时' },
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day: { type: 'any', values: [], original: '*', description: '每日' },
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month: { type: 'any', values: [], original: '*', description: '每月' },
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week: { type: 'any', values: [], original: '?', description: '任意周' },
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isValid: false,
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description: ''
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}
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if (!this.validate(cronExpression)) {
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result.description = '无效的 CRON 表达式'
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return result
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}
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const parts = cronExpression.trim().split(/\s+/)
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const fieldTypes = [
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CronFieldType.SECOND,
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CronFieldType.MINUTE,
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CronFieldType.HOUR,
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CronFieldType.DAY,
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CronFieldType.MONTH,
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CronFieldType.WEEK
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]
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// 如果只有5个字段,则第一个字段是分钟
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const startIndex = parts.length === 5 ? 1 : 0
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for (let i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) {
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const fieldType = fieldTypes[i + startIndex]
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if (fieldType && CRON_FIELD_CONFIGS[fieldType]) {
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const config = CRON_FIELD_CONFIGS[fieldType]
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result[fieldType] = this.parseField(parts[i], fieldType, config)
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}
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}
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// 处理年份字段(如果存在)
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if (parts.length === 7) {
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const yearConfig = CRON_FIELD_CONFIGS[CronFieldType.YEAR]
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result.year = this.parseField(parts[6], CronFieldType.YEAR, yearConfig)
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}
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result.isValid = true
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result.description = this.generateDescription(result)
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return result
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}
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/** 生成 CRON 表达式的可读描述 */
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static generateDescription(parsed: ParsedCronExpression): string {
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const parts: string[] = []
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// 构建时间部分描述
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if (parsed.hour.type === 'specific' && parsed.minute.type === 'specific') {
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const hour = parsed.hour.values[0]
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const minute = parsed.minute.values[0]
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parts.push(`${hour.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${minute.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`)
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} else if (parsed.hour.type === 'specific') {
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parts.push(`每天${parsed.hour.values[0]}点`)
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} else if (parsed.minute.type === 'specific' && parsed.minute.values[0] === 0) {
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if (parsed.hour.type === 'any') {
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parts.push('每小时整点')
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}
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} else if (parsed.minute.type === 'step') {
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const step = parsed.minute.original.split('/')[1]
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parts.push(`每${step}分钟`)
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} else if (parsed.hour.type === 'step') {
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const step = parsed.hour.original.split('/')[1]
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parts.push(`每${step}小时`)
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}
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// 构建日期部分描述
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if (parsed.day.type === 'specific') {
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parts.push(`每月${parsed.day.values[0]}日`)
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} else if (parsed.week.type === 'specific') {
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const weekNames = ['周日', '周一', '周二', '周三', '周四', '周五', '周六']
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const weekDay = parsed.week.values[0]
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if (weekDay >= 0 && weekDay <= 6) {
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parts.push(`每${weekNames[weekDay]}`)
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}
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} else if (parsed.week.type === 'range') {
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parts.push('工作日')
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}
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// 构建月份部分描述
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if (parsed.month.type === 'specific') {
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parts.push(`${parsed.month.values[0]}月`)
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}
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return parts.length > 0 ? parts.join(' ') : '自定义时间规则'
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}
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/** 格式化 CRON 表达式为可读文本 */
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static format(cronExpression: string): string {
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if (!cronExpression) return ''
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const parsed = this.parse(cronExpression)
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return parsed.isValid ? parsed.description : cronExpression
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}
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/** 获取预设的 CRON 表达式列表 */
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static getPresets() {
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return Object.entries(CRON_PRESETS).map(([key, value]) => ({
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label: this.format(value),
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value,
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key
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}))
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}
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/** 计算 CRON 表达式的下次执行时间 */
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static getNextExecutionTime(cronExpression: string, fromDate?: Date): Date | null {
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const parsed = this.parse(cronExpression)
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if (!parsed.isValid) {
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return null
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}
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const now = fromDate || new Date()
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// eslint-disable-next-line prefer-const
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let nextTime = new Date(now.getTime() + 1000) // 从下一秒开始
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// 简化版本:处理常见的 CRON 表达式模式
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// 对于复杂的 CRON 表达式,建议使用专门的库如 node-cron 或 cron-parser
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// 处理每分钟执行
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if (parsed.second.type === 'specific' && parsed.minute.type === 'any') {
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const targetSecond = parsed.second.values[0]
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nextTime.setSeconds(targetSecond, 0)
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if (nextTime <= now) {
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nextTime.setMinutes(nextTime.getMinutes() + 1)
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}
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return nextTime
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}
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// 处理每小时执行
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if (
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parsed.second.type === 'specific' &&
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parsed.minute.type === 'specific' &&
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parsed.hour.type === 'any'
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) {
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const targetSecond = parsed.second.values[0]
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const targetMinute = parsed.minute.values[0]
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nextTime.setMinutes(targetMinute, targetSecond, 0)
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if (nextTime <= now) {
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nextTime.setHours(nextTime.getHours() + 1)
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}
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return nextTime
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}
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// 处理每天执行
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if (
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parsed.second.type === 'specific' &&
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parsed.minute.type === 'specific' &&
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parsed.hour.type === 'specific'
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) {
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const targetSecond = parsed.second.values[0]
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const targetMinute = parsed.minute.values[0]
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const targetHour = parsed.hour.values[0]
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nextTime.setHours(targetHour, targetMinute, targetSecond, 0)
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if (nextTime <= now) {
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nextTime.setDate(nextTime.getDate() + 1)
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}
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return nextTime
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}
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// 处理步长执行
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if (parsed.minute.type === 'step') {
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const step = parseInt(parsed.minute.original.split('/')[1])
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const currentMinute = nextTime.getMinutes()
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const nextMinute = Math.ceil(currentMinute / step) * step
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if (nextMinute >= 60) {
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nextTime.setHours(nextTime.getHours() + 1, 0, 0, 0)
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} else {
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nextTime.setMinutes(nextMinute, 0, 0)
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}
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return nextTime
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}
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// 对于其他复杂情况,返回一个估算时间
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return new Date(now.getTime() + 60000) // 1分钟后
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}
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/** 获取 CRON 表达式的执行频率描述 */
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static getFrequencyDescription(cronExpression: string): string {
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const parsed = this.parse(cronExpression)
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if (!parsed.isValid) {
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return '无效表达式'
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}
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// 计算大概的执行频率
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if (parsed.second.type === 'any' && parsed.minute.type === 'any') {
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return '每秒执行'
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}
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if (parsed.minute.type === 'any' && parsed.hour.type === 'any') {
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return '每分钟执行'
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}
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if (parsed.hour.type === 'any' && parsed.day.type === 'any') {
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return '每小时执行'
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}
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if (parsed.day.type === 'any' && parsed.month.type === 'any') {
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return '每天执行'
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}
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if (parsed.month.type === 'any') {
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return '每月执行'
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}
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return '按计划执行'
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}
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/** 检查 CRON 表达式是否会在指定时间执行 */
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static willExecuteAt(cronExpression: string, targetDate: Date): boolean {
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const parsed = this.parse(cronExpression)
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if (!parsed.isValid) {
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return false
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}
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// 检查各个字段是否匹配
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const second = targetDate.getSeconds()
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const minute = targetDate.getMinutes()
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const hour = targetDate.getHours()
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const day = targetDate.getDate()
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const month = targetDate.getMonth() + 1
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const weekDay = targetDate.getDay()
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return (
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this.fieldMatches(parsed.second, second) &&
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this.fieldMatches(parsed.minute, minute) &&
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this.fieldMatches(parsed.hour, hour) &&
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this.fieldMatches(parsed.day, day) &&
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this.fieldMatches(parsed.month, month) &&
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(parsed.week.type === 'any' || this.fieldMatches(parsed.week, weekDay))
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)
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}
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/** 检查字段值是否匹配 */
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private static fieldMatches(field: ParsedCronField, value: number): boolean {
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if (field.type === 'any') {
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return true
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}
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if (field.type === 'specific' || field.type === 'list') {
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return field.values.includes(value)
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}
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if (field.type === 'range') {
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return value >= field.values[0] && value <= field.values[field.values.length - 1]
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}
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if (field.type === 'step') {
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const [base, step] = field.original.split('/').map(Number)
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if (base === 0 || field.original.startsWith('*')) {
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return value % step === 0
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}
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return value >= base && (value - base) % step === 0
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}
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return false
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}
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}
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